xUnit による API の統合テスト

$ curl -i -X POST https://api.testingapis.com/api/Todos \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d '{"userId":101,"title":"Write integration tests","completed":false}'
HTTP/1.1 201 Created

{"message":"Todo created successfully","data":{"id":31,"userId":101,"title":"Write integration tests","completed":false,"priority":"medium","dueDate":""}}

dotnet new xunit -n TodoApi.IntegrationTests
cd TodoApi.IntegrationTests
dotnet test   # the template's empty test passes

using Xunit;

/// One HttpClient for every test in a class (creating one per test wastes sockets).
public sealed class ApiFixture : IDisposable
{
    public HttpClient Http { get; } = new()
    {
        // Point the same tests at another server, e.g. your own API in a staging environment.
        BaseAddress = new Uri(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("API_BASE_URL") ?? "https://api.testingapis.com"),
        Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),
    };

    public void Dispose() => Http.Dispose();
}

public record Todo(int Id, int UserId, string Title, bool Completed);

/// Creates and updates answer { "message": "...", "data": { ...the todo... } }.
public record Envelope<T>(string Message, T Data);

using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http.Json;
using Xunit;

[Trait("Category", "Integration")]
public class TodosApiTests(ApiFixture api) : IClassFixture<ApiFixture>
{
    private readonly HttpClient http = api.Http;

    // Other people use the same API: give every record this run creates a name nobody else has.
    private static string UniqueTitle() => $"xUnit test {Guid.NewGuid():N}";

    [Fact]
    public async Task Lists_todos_with_a_total_count()
    {
        using var response = await http.GetAsync("/api/Todos?limit=2");

        Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.OK, response.StatusCode);
        var todos = await response.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<List<Todo>>();
        Assert.Equal(2, todos!.Count);
        Assert.True(int.Parse(response.Headers.GetValues("X-Total-Count").Single()) >= 2);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task A_created_todo_can_be_read_back()
    {
        var title = UniqueTitle();
        using var created = await http.PostAsJsonAsync("/api/Todos", new { userId = 101, title });
        Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.Created, created.StatusCode);
        var todo = (await created.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<Envelope<Todo>>())!.Data;

        try
        {
            var read = await http.GetFromJsonAsync<Todo>($"/api/Todos/{todo.Id}");
            Assert.Equal(title, read!.Title);
            Assert.False(read.Completed);
        }
        finally
        {
            await http.DeleteAsync($"/api/Todos/{todo.Id}"); // leave the shared data as it was
        }
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task Put_replaces_the_todo()
    {
        var title = UniqueTitle();
        using var created = await http.PostAsJsonAsync("/api/Todos", new { userId = 101, title });
        var todo = (await created.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<Envelope<Todo>>())!.Data;

        try
        {
            using var updated = await http.PutAsJsonAsync($"/api/Todos/{todo.Id}", new { userId = 101, title, completed = true });
            Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.OK, updated.StatusCode);

            var read = await http.GetFromJsonAsync<Todo>($"/api/Todos/{todo.Id}");
            Assert.True(read!.Completed);
        }
        finally
        {
            await http.DeleteAsync($"/api/Todos/{todo.Id}");
        }
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task A_deleted_todo_is_gone()
    {
        using var created = await http.PostAsJsonAsync("/api/Todos", new { userId = 101, title = UniqueTitle() });
        var todo = (await created.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<Envelope<Todo>>())!.Data;

        using var deleted = await http.DeleteAsync($"/api/Todos/{todo.Id}");
        Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.OK, deleted.StatusCode);

        using var read = await http.GetAsync($"/api/Todos/{todo.Id}");
        Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, read.StatusCode);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task A_todo_without_a_title_is_rejected()
    {
        using var response = await http.PostAsJsonAsync("/api/Todos", new { userId = 101 });

        Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, response.StatusCode);
        Assert.Contains("title", await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync());
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task An_unknown_id_is_404()
    {
        using var response = await http.GetAsync("/api/Todos/999999");
        Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, response.StatusCode);
    }
}

$ dotnet test --filter "Category=Integration"
Passed!  - Failed:     0, Passed:     6, Skipped:     0, Total:     6, Duration: 862 ms - TodoApi.IntegrationTests.dll (net10.0)

# .github/workflows/integration-tests.yml
name: Integration tests

on:
  push:
  schedule:
    - cron: "0 6 * * *"   # also daily, to notice when the API changes under you

jobs:
  integration:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    timeout-minutes: 10   # a hung test fails the job instead of using up minutes
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
        with:
          dotnet-version: "10.0.x"
      - run: dotnet test --filter "Category!=Integration"   # unit tests first, fast
      - run: dotnet test --filter "Category=Integration"
        env:
          API_BASE_URL: https://api.testingapis.com