用 Playwright 做 API 测试：一个能跑的套件，以及 1.62 到 1.64 新增了什么

$ mkdir playwright-api && cd playwright-api
$ npm init -y
$ npm install --save-dev @playwright/test@1.64.0

import { defineConfig } from "@playwright/test";

// API tests only: no browsers are launched, so `npx playwright install` isn't needed.
export default defineConfig({
  testDir: "./tests",
  reporter: "list",
  retries: 1,
  // Playwright 1.62: run retries at the end, one at a time, instead of straight away in parallel.
  retryStrategy: "isolated",
  use: {
    // Point the tests at another server with BASE_URL, e.g. a copy of the API on your machine.
    baseURL: process.env.BASE_URL ?? "https://api.testingapis.com",
    extraHTTPHeaders: { Accept: "application/json" },
  },
});

import { expect, test } from "@playwright/test";
import type { ApiError, Product } from "./types";

test("lists products filtered by category, with paging headers", async ({ request }) => {
  const response = await request.get<Product[]>("/api/Products", {
    params: { category: "electronics", limit: 2 },
  });

  expect(response.status()).toBe(200);
  expect(response.headers()["content-type"]).toContain("application/json");
  expect(Number(response.headers()["x-total-count"])).toBeGreaterThan(2);

  const products = await response.json();
  expect(products).toHaveLength(2);
  for (const product of products) {
    expect(product.category).toBe("electronics");
    expect(typeof product.price).toBe("number");
  }
});

test("returns 404 with an error body for a product that doesn't exist", async ({ request }) => {
  const response = await request.get<ApiError>("/api/Products/99999");

  expect(response.status()).toBe(404);
  expect(await response.json()).toEqual({
    status: 404,
    error: "Not Found",
    message: "Product with ID 99999 does not exist.",
  });
});

test("rejects a product without a title", async ({ request }) => {
  const response = await request.post<ApiError>("/api/Products", { data: { price: 5 } });

  expect(response.status()).toBe(400);
  expect((await response.json()).message).toBe("Missing required field: title");
});

for (const code of [400, 401, 429, 500, 503]) {
  test(`handles a ${code} response`, async ({ request }) => {
    const response = await request.get(`/api/status/${code}`);

    expect(response.status()).toBe(code);
    expect(response.ok()).toBe(false);
  });
}

// Throw on any 4xx or 5xx instead of returning the response.
const response = await request.get("/api/Products/1", { failOnStatusCode: true });

// The shapes the tests read. Only the fields they check are listed.

export interface Product {
  id: number;
  title: string;
  price: number;
  category: string;
  inStock: boolean;
}

/** What POST and PUT on /api/Products return. */
export interface ProductEnvelope {
  message: string;
  data: Product;
}

/** The API's error body, for 4xx and 5xx responses. */
export interface ApiError {
  status: number;
  error: string;
  message: string;
}

import { expect, test } from "@playwright/test";
import type { Product, ProductEnvelope } from "./types";

// Products are shared by everyone who uses the API. Playwright 1.63's lock keeps any other test that writes
// products from running at the same time as this file, in any worker.
test.describe.configure({ lock: "products" });

test("creates, reads, updates and deletes a product", async ({ request }) => {
  const created = await request.post<ProductEnvelope>("/api/Products", {
    data: { title: "Playwright test product", price: 12.5, category: "electronics" },
  });
  expect(created.status()).toBe(201);
  const { data: product } = await created.json();

  try {
    await test.step("read it back", async () => {
      const read = await request.get<Product>(`/api/Products/${product.id}`);
      expect(read.status()).toBe(200);
      expect(await read.json()).toMatchObject({ id: product.id, title: "Playwright test product", price: 12.5 });
    });

    await test.step("change the price", async () => {
      const updated = await request.put<ProductEnvelope>(`/api/Products/${product.id}`, {
        data: { title: "Playwright test product", price: 9.99, category: "electronics" },
      });
      expect(updated.status()).toBe(200);
      expect((await updated.json()).data.price).toBe(9.99);
    });
  } finally {
    // Clean up even when a step fails, so a broken run doesn't leave products behind.
    const deleted = await request.delete(`/api/Products/${product.id}`);
    expect(deleted.status()).toBe(200);
  }

  const gone = await request.get(`/api/Products/${product.id}`);
  expect(gone.status()).toBe(404);
});

import { expect, test } from "@playwright/test";

// /api/echo returns what it received, which makes it easy to see what the request context sent.
interface Echo {
  method: string;
  cookies: Record<string, string>;
}

test("1.64: cookies added to the request context are sent with every request", async ({ request, baseURL }) => {
  await request.addCookies([{ name: "session-id", value: "42", url: baseURL! }]);

  const withCookie = await request.get<Echo>("/api/echo");
  expect((await withCookie.json()).cookies).toEqual({ "session-id": "42" });

  await request.clearCookies({ name: "session-id" });
  const withoutCookie = await request.get<Echo>("/api/echo");
  expect((await withoutCookie.json()).cookies).toEqual({});
});

test("1.62: apiResponse.timing() shows where the time went", async ({ request }) => {
  const response = await request.get("/api/health");
  const timing = response.timing();

  // Each value is milliseconds after startTime, or -1 when it doesn't apply (no DNS lookup on a reused
  // connection, for example).
  expect(timing.startTime).toBeGreaterThan(0);
  expect(timing.responseEnd).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(timing.responseStart);
  expect(timing.responseEnd).toBeLessThan(5_000);
});

test("1.62: an AbortSignal cancels a request that takes too long", async ({ request }) => {
  // ?delay= makes the API wait before answering. The signal gives up after 500 ms.
  const pending = request.get("/api/echo", { params: { delay: 3000 }, signal: AbortSignal.timeout(500) });

  await expect(pending).rejects.toThrow();
});

$ npx playwright test --shuffle

$ npx playwright test

Running 12 tests using 3 workers

  ✓   1 tests\read.spec.ts:4:5 › lists products filtered by category, with paging headers (285ms)
  ✓   2 tests\new-in-1-62-to-1-64.spec.ts:9:5 › 1.64: cookies added to the request context are sent with every request (263ms)
  ✓   3 tests\crud.spec.ts:8:5 › creates, reads, updates and deletes a product (334ms)
  ✓   4 tests\read.spec.ts:21:5 › returns 404 with an error body for a product that doesn't exist (90ms)
  ✓   5 tests\new-in-1-62-to-1-64.spec.ts:20:5 › 1.62: apiResponse.timing() shows where the time went (104ms)
  ✓   6 tests\read.spec.ts:32:5 › rejects a product without a title (118ms)
  ✓   8 tests\read.spec.ts:40:7 › handles a 400 response (109ms)
  ✓   9 tests\read.spec.ts:40:7 › handles a 401 response (107ms)
  ✓  10 tests\read.spec.ts:40:7 › handles a 429 response (120ms)
  ✓   7 tests\new-in-1-62-to-1-64.spec.ts:31:5 › 1.62: an AbortSignal cancels a request that takes too long (512ms)
  ✓  11 tests\read.spec.ts:40:7 › handles a 500 response (107ms)
  ✓  12 tests\read.spec.ts:40:7 › handles a 503 response (97ms)

  12 passed (2.1s)

test("shows a product created through the API", async ({ page }) => {
  // page.request shares cookies with the page, so a session set up here carries over to the browser.
  const created = await page.request.post("https://api.testingapis.com/api/Products", {
    data: { title: "Seeded", price: 1 },
  });
  // ...then open the page that lists products and check it appears.
});